Causes Of Ear Infections

An ear infection is caused by bacteria or a virus in the middle ear. This infection often leads to other illnesses - colds, flu or allergy - causing congestion and sore throat, nasal passages and eustachian tubes.

Role Eustachian tube

Eustachian tubes are a pair of narrow tubes as the beginning of each ear Average high back of the throat behind the nose. The end of the throat opening and closing of tubes:

To adjust the air pressure in the middle ear

Cool air in the ear

Drain the normal secretions of the middle ear

Swelling, inflammation and mucus in the upper respiratory tract infections Eustachian tube or allergy can block them, causing the accumulation of fluid in the middle ear. Bacterial or viral infection, this fluid is usually what produces symptoms of ear infection.

Ear infections are more common in children, in part because their eustachian tubes are narrower and more horizontal - the factors that make them difficult to drain, and is likely to become clogged.

Role of polyps

The adenoids are two small pads of tissue high on the back of the throat appears to play a role in immune system activity. This feature can be particularly vulnerable to infection and inflammation.

Since the adenoids are located near the opening of the eustachian tube, inflammation or enlargement of the adenoids can block the fallopian tubes, which contributes to infection of the middle ear. Inflammation of the vegetation is likely to play a role in ear infections in children because children are more active and adenoids relatively large.

Conditions related

Conditions of the middle ear, which can be linked to ear infections or lead to problems similar middle ear are:

Otitis media with effusion is inflammation and fluid accumulation (effusion) in the middle ear without a bacterial or viral. This can occur due to accumulation of fluid persists even after an ear infection has cleared. You can also occur due to malfunction or blockage of noninfectious the fallopian tube.

Chronic suppurative otitis media is a persistent infection in the ear that the results of tear or perforation of the eardrum.

Causes Of Drug Abuse

Adolescents and adults are abusing prescription drugs for a number of reasons. Some of these include:

To feel good or get high

To relax or relieve tension (analgesics and sedatives)

To reduce appetite (stimulants)

To experience

To be accepted by peers (peer review) or be a social

To be sure - it's a misconception that prescription drugs are safer than street drugs

To be legal - it is wrong thinking that taking prescription medications without a prescription is legal

To feed an addiction

Obtaining prescription drugs

Most prescriptions are written for people who have a genuine medical need for these drugs. But many families have a box or a closet full of old bottles of prescription drugs has remained. Since they are prescription drugs for medical use, adolescents often these drugs are an alternative way to drugs.

In some cases, a doctor's prescription is not necessary. Some countries do not require a prescription for opioid analgesics and other drugs commonly abused, so they can be some sites without a prescription. How drugs online pharmacies that do not require a prescription can be dangerous. Some websites sell counterfeit drugs that contain potentially hazardous substances.

Causes Of Down Syndrome

Human cells normally contain 23 pairs of chromosomes. One chromosome of each pair is your father, your mother the other.

Down syndrome results when one of the three divisions of cells with abnormal chromosome 21 occurs. All three cell division, causing abnormalities of genetic material from chromosome 21 more, which corresponds to the characteristics and developmental problems of Down syndrome. Three genetic variations can cause Down syndrome are:

Trisomy 21. Over 90 percent of the time, Down syndrome is caused by trisomy 21. A child with trisomy 21 has three copies of chromosome 21 - instead of the usual two copies - in every cell of it. This form of Down syndrome is caused by abnormal cell division during development of the sperm cell or egg.

Mosaic Down Syndrome. In this rare form of Down syndrome children have some cells with an extra copy of chromosome 21. This mosaic of normal and abnormal cells is caused by abnormal cell division after fertilization.

Translocation Down syndrome. Down syndrome can also occur when part of chromosome 21 should be attached to (another) to another chromosome, before or understanding. Children with translocation Down syndrome have two normal copies of chromosome 21, but also other material from chromosome 21 onto another chromosome. This form of Down syndrome is rare.

There are no known behavioral and environmental factors that cause Down syndrome.

And 'hereditary?

Most of the time, Down syndrome is not hereditary. And 'caused by an error in cell division during development of the sperm egg or embryo.

Translocation Down syndrome is the only way the disease can be transmitted from parents to children. However, only 4 percent of children with Down syndrome have a translocation. And only half of these children inherited one of their parents.

When translocations are inherited, the mother or the father takes the balanced translocation, which means he or she has rearranged a bit of genetic material, but not the extra genetic material. A balanced carrier has no signs or symptoms of Down syndrome, but he or she may happen to children translocation.

The opportunity to spend depends on the translocation of the sex of the parent who carries the rearranged chromosome 21:

If the parent is the carrier, the risk is about 3 percent.

If the mother is the carrier, the risk is 10 to 15 percent.

Causes Of Diverticulitis

Diverticula usually develop when naturally weak places in your colon give way under pressure. This leads to the marble-sized pouches to protrude through the colon wall.

Exactly how the diverticula become inflamed or infected is not clear. One theory is that increased pressure in the colon can weaken the wall of the diverticula leading to infection. Another is that the narrow openings of the diverticula can trap feces, which can lead to infection. Or obstruction in the small opening of a diverticulum may reduce the blood supply to the region, leading to inflammation.

Previously, doctors thought that the nuts, seeds, popcorn and corn has had a role to diverticulitis due to being trapped in the diverticula. However, some studies have shown that these foods are not associated with an increased risk of diverticulitis.

Causes Of Diarrhea

Diarrhea occurs when food and liquids we ingest pass too quickly or too much - or both - through your colon. Normally, the colon absorbs fluids from the foods you eat, leaving a semi-solid bank. But if the fluids from the foods they eat are not absorbed, the result is a watery bowel movement.

Many diseases and conditions can cause diarrhea. Common causes of diarrhea are:

Virus. Viruses that can cause diarrhea are Norwalk virus, cytomegalovirus, and viral hepatitis. Rotavirus is a common cause of acute diarrhea in children.

Bacteria and parasites. Contaminated food or water can be sent to bacteria and parasites in the body. Parasites such as Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium can cause diarrhea. Common bacterial causes of diarrhea are Campylobacter, Salmonella, Shigella, and Escherichia coli. Diarrhea caused by bacteria and parasites can be common when traveling in developing countries and is often called the traveler.

Medicine. Many medications can cause diarrhea. The most common are antibiotics. Antibiotics kill bacteria both good and bad that can disrupt the natural balance of bacteria in your gut. This disturbance sometimes leads to infection by a bacterium called Clostridium difficile, which can also cause diarrhea.

Lactose intolerance. Lactose is a sugar found in milk and other dairy products. Many people have difficulty digesting lactose and diarrhea after eating dairy experience. Your body produces an enzyme that helps digest lactose, but for most people the levels of this enzyme decreases rapidly after infancy. This causes an increased risk of lactose intolerance with age.

Fructose. Fructose, a sugar found naturally in fruits and honey and added as a sweetener for some drinks can cause diarrhea in people who have trouble digesting it.

Artificial sweeteners. Sorbitol and mannitol, artificial sweeteners in chewing gum and other sugar-free products, can cause diarrhea in some people healthy.

Surgery. Some people may experience diarrhea after undergoing abdominal surgery or surgical removal of the gallbladder.

Other digestive tract. Chronic diarrhea has a number of other causes, such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, celiac disease, microscopic colitis and irritable bowel syndrome.

Causes Of Diaper Rash

The causes of diaper rash can be traced to a variety of sources, including:

Irritation in the feces and urine. Prolonged exposure to urine or feces can irritate baby's delicate skin. Your child may be more prone to diaper rash if he or she is experiencing frequent bowel movements, because feces are more irritating than urine.

New foods. As children begin to eat solid foods, usually when they are between 4 and 12 months, the content of the stool changes, increasing the likelihood of diaper rash. Changes in children's diets may also increase the frequency of stools, which can lead to diaper rash. If you are breastfeeding, your baby may develop diaper rash in response to something you ate, such as tomato dishes.

The irritation caused by a new product. Wipes, a new brand of disposable diapers, detergent or fabric softener, bleach or fabric used for washing cloth diapers can irritate all your baby's delicate bottom. Other substances that can aggravate the problem of the ingredients found in some baby lotions, powders and oils.

Bacteria or yeast (fungus) infection. What begins as a simple skin infection can spread to areas surrounding. The area covered by a diaper - buttocks, thighs and genitals - are especially vulnerable, because it is hot and humid, making it an ideal breeding ground for bacteria and yeast. These eruptions usually begin with the wrinkles of the skin, and there may be red dots scattered around the wrinkles.

Sensitive skin. Babies 'skin', such as atopic dermatitis or eczema, may be more likely to develop diaper rash. However, the irritated skin with atopic dermatitis and eczema primarily affects the rest of the diaper area.

Rubbing or friction. Tightfitting diapers or clothing rubs against the skin may cause dermatitis.

The use of antibiotics. Antibiotics kill bacteria - good and bad. Without the balance of good bacteria, but fungal infections can occur. This can happen when babies take antibiotics or when mothers who breastfeed their babies take antibiotics.

Causes Of Diabetes

To understand diabetes, you must first understand how glucose is normally processed in the body.

As glucose is normally

Glucose is the main source of energy for the cells that form muscle and other tissues. Glucose comes from two main sources: the food we eat and liver. During digestion, sugar is absorbed into the bloodstream. Normally, the sugar enters the cells, with the help of insulin.

Insulin, a hormone derived from the pancreas, a gland behind the stomach. When you eat, the pancreas secretes insulin in their blood. As insulin circulates, it acts as a key to open doors that allow microscopic sugar into the cells. Insulin lowers the amount of sugar in the blood. As your level of blood sugar decreases, so does the secretion of insulin by the pancreas.

Your liver acts as a glucose storage and manufacturing center. When you have not eaten for some time, the liver releases stored glucose to keep blood glucose levels to normal levels.

The causes of type 1 diabetes

In type 1 diabetes, your immune system - attack and destroy insulin-producing cells in the pancreas - which normally fights harmful bacteria and viruses. This leaves you with little or no insulin. Instead of being transported into the cells, sugar builds up in your blood. Type 1 is believed to be caused by a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors, but exactly what those factors are still unclear.

Reasons for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes

In pre-diabetes - which can lead to type 2 diabetes - and type 2 diabetes, cells become resistant to insulin and the pancreas is unable to produce enough insulin to overcome this resistance. Instead of moving cells, sugar builds up in the blood. Exactly why this happens is uncertain, although type 1 diabetes, it is believed that genetic and environmental factors play a role in the development of type 2. Being overweight is closely linked to the development of type 2 diabetes, but not everyone with type 2 diabetes are overweight.

Causes of gestational diabetes

During pregnancy, the placenta produces hormones to maintain pregnancy. These hormones make the cells more resistant to insulin. When the placenta grows larger quarters, second and third, it secretes more of these hormones - which is even more difficult for insulin to do its job.

Normally, the pancreas responds by producing enough extra insulin to overcome this resistance. But sometimes your pancreas can not keep up. When this happens, the glucose enters your cells too few and too remains in your blood. It gestational diabetes.

Causes Of Depression

No one knows exactly what causes depression. As with many mental illnesses, is a variety of factors may be involved. These include:

Biological differences. People with depression appear to have physical changes in the brain. The significance of these changes is still uncertain but may eventually help pinpoint causes.

Neurotransmitters. These natural brain chemical associated with mood is thought to direct the role of depression.

Hormones. Changes in the hormonal balance of the body may be involved in causing or triggering depression. Hormonal changes may be caused by thyroid problems, menopause and a number of other conditions.

Hereditary properties. Depression is more common in people whose biological family members also have the condition. Researchers are trying to find genes that may be involved in causing depression.

Life events. Events such as death or loss of a loved one, financial problems and high stress can trigger depression in some people.

Childhood early trauma. Traumatic events in childhood such as abuse or loss of a parent, can cause permanent changes in the brain that make you more prone to depression.

Causes Of Dependent Personality Disorder

Although the exact cause of dependent personality disorder is not known, it is most likely involves both biological and development. Some researchers believe that an authoritarian parenting style or patronizing can lead to the development of dependent personality traits in people who are susceptible to this disorder.

Causes Of Dehydration

Dehydration occurs when there is enough water to replace what is lost throughout the day. The system literally dries out. Sometimes dehydration occurs for simple reasons: you do not drink enough because you are sick or busy, or because there is no drinking water, when you travel, hiking, or camping.

Other causes of dehydration are:

Diarrhea, vomiting. Severe acute diarrhea - that is, diarrhea that is suddenly and violently - can cause a huge loss of water and electrolytes in a short period of time. If you have vomiting and diarrhea, you lose more fluids and minerals. Children and infants are particularly at risk.

Fever. Generally, the higher the fever, the more dehydrated you become. If you have a fever of more than diarrhea and vomiting, you lose more fluid.

Excessive sweating. You lose water when you sweat. If you do intense physical activity and do not replace the fluids along the way, you can dry. Hot and humid climate increases the amount of sweat and the amount of fluid you lose. But you can also dry in winter, if not replace lost fluids. Preadolescents and adolescents participating in sports may be particularly sensitive, as well as their weight, which is generally lower than in adults, and therefore can not be experienced enough to know the signs of dehydration.

Increased urination. This is most often the result of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus or undiagnosed, a disease that affects the way your body uses sugar. This type of diabetes often causes increased thirst and frequent urination. Another type of diabetes, diabetes insipidus, is also characterized by excessive thirst and urination, but in this case the cause is a hormonal disorder that causes the kidneys can not conserve water. Certain medications - diuretics, antihistamines, antihypertensives, and some psychiatric drugs - and alcohol can also lead to dehydration, generally because they make you urinate or sweat more than normal.

Causes Of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

Deep vein thrombosis occurs when blood clots form in veins that are deep in the body, often in the legs. Blood clots can be caused by many different things - namely anything that causes blood to circulate normally, or not properly clot.

Causes Of Dandruff

Dandruff can have multiple causes, including:

Dry skin. Simple dry skin - a sort of get in the winter when the air is cold and rooms are overheated - is the most common cause of itchy, scaly dandruff. Flakes of dry skin are generally smaller and less fat of other causes of dandruff, and is likely to be symptoms of dry skin and other body parts such as legs and hands.

Irritated, oily skin (seborrheic dermatitis). This condition, one of the main causes of dandruff, is marked by red, greasy skin covered with white or yellow scales. Seborrheic dermatitis can affect not only your scalp but also other areas rich in sebaceous glands, such as your eyebrows, the sides of the nose and the back of your ears, your breastbone, your groin, and sometimes your armpits.

Not shampooing often enough. If you do not regularly wash your hair, scalp oils and skin cells can accumulate and cause dandruff.

Psoriasis. This skin disorder causes an accumulation of dead cells that form thick silvery scales. Psoriasis commonly occurs on your knees, elbows and trunk, but it can also affect your scalp. It can be difficult to distinguish from seborrheic dermatitis, if only the scalp is involved.

Eczema. If you have eczema anywhere on the body, it can also be on your scalp, which can lead to development of dandruff.

Sensitivity to hair care products (contact dermatitis). At times the sensitivity of certain ingredients in hair products or hair dyes, especially para-phenylenediamine (PPD), can cause the scale of red, itchy scalp. Shampoo too often or using hair products, too many of them can irritate the scalp causing dandruff.

A yeast-like fungus (Malassezia). Malassezia lives on the scalps of most healthy adults without causing problems. But sometimes it grows out of control, feeding on the oils secreted by hair follicles. This can irritate the skin of your scalp and cause skin cells to grow. The extra skin cells die and fall, the clustering of the oil in your hair and scalp, so they appear white and flaky on the hair or clothing. In most cases, the rash is identical or confusingly similar to seborrheic dermatitis.

What are the causes of excessive growth of Malassezia is not known, but there is too much oil on the scalp, the changes in your hormones, stress, illness, neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, immune system suppression, no shampoo quite often, and more sensitivity to Malassezia fungi can contribute to dandruff.

Causes Of Crohn's Disease

The exact cause of Crohn's disease remains unknown. Previously, the suspect food and stress, but doctors now know that while these factors may aggravate Crohn's disease, and not the cause. Now, scientists believe that a number of factors, such as inheritance and a system of immune dysfunction plays a role in the development of Crohn's disease.

The immune system. It 'possible that a virus or bacteria may trigger Crohn's disease. When the immune system tries to fight the invading micro, abnormal immune response causes immune system to attack cells in the digestive tract, too.

Heredity. Crohn's is most common in people who have relatives with the disease, leading experts to suspect that one or more genes may make people more susceptible to Crohn's disease. However, most people with Crohn's disease have no family history of disease.

Causes Of Cradle Cap

Although the exact cause of cradle cap is not known, one contributing factor may be that the hormones that pass from mother to child before birth. These hormones cause an abnormal production of oil (sebum) in the sebaceous glands and hair follicles.

Another factor may be a yeast (fungus) called Malassezia that grows in the sebum along with bacteria. Antifungal treatments such as ketoconazole, are often effective, supporting the idea that yeast is a contributing factor. Cradle cap, the common term for child seborrheic dermatitis, causes scaly patches on the scalp of the baby. Though cradle cap is not serious, can cause scaly bark thick and white or yellow.

Cradle cap usually disappears by itself within a few months. Self-care measures, such as brushing the scalp of the child with a mild shampoo on a daily basis, can help loosen and remove the cradle cap scales. If cradle cap persists or seems severe, your doctor may suggest medicated shampoo, lotion or other treatment.

Causes Of Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

Heart failure often develops after other conditions have damaged or weakened your heart. Over time, the heart can no longer cope with the demand it faces normal to pump blood around the body. The main pumping chambers of the heart (the ventricles) can become stiff and not fill properly between beats. In addition, the heart muscle can weaken, and the ventricles stretch (dilate) so that the heart can not pump blood efficiently through his body. The term "congestive heart failure" comes from the backup in the blood - or congest - the liver, abdomen, legs and lungs.

Heart failure can cause the left side, right side or both sides of the heart. Typically, heart failure begins on the left - especially the left ventricle, the main pumping chamber of the heart.

Causes Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

COPD is primarily concerned with the obstruction of the lungs caused by a chronic asthmatic bronchitis and emphysema. Many people with COPD have both.

Chronic asthmatic bronchitis

Chronic asthmatic bronchitis causes inflammation and narrowing of the airways that lead into your lungs. This can lead to coughing and wheezing. Chronic asthmatic bronchitis also increases the production of mucus, which can also block the fallopian narrowed.

Emphysema

Emphysema damages to a small air sacs in the lungs (alveoli) in two main ways. Alveoli are clustered like grapes, and emphysema gradually destroy the inner walls of these clusters, reducing the area of ​​exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide. In addition, emphysema makes the walls of the alveoli is also weaker and less elastic, so that the collapse of breath - the air trapped in the alveoli. Shortness of breath due to chest wall muscles must work harder to expel air.

Cigarette smoke and other irritants

COPD is usually caused by prolonged exposure to irritants in the air, such as:

Snuff smoke

Dust

Chemical gas

Air pollution

Causes Of Cholesterol

Cholesterol is through the blood attached to proteins. This combination of protein and cholesterol are called lipoproteins. You might have heard a variety of cholesterol, which is based on the type of cholesterol, lipoproteins position. They are:

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL). LDL or "bad" cholesterol particles carry cholesterol throughout the body. LDL cholesterol accumulates in artery walls, making them hard and narrow.

Very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). This type contains the highest density lipoprotein triglycerides, fats, proteins attached to the blood. LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol makes it bigger, which causes narrowing of blood vessels. If you take medication to lower cholesterol, but have a high VLDL level, you may need therapy to lower triglycerides.

High-density lipoprotein (HDL). HDL or "good" cholesterol picks up excess cholesterol and takes it back to the liver.

Factors in their control - such as inactivity, obesity and unhealthy diet - contribute to high levels of LDL-cholesterol and low HDL-cholesterol. Factors outside the control may also be important. For example, the genetic makeup may keep cells to remove LDL cholesterol from the blood efficiently or cause liver produces cholesterol too.

Causes Of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS)

Carpal tunnel syndrome caused by compression of the median nerve. The median nerve passes from your forearm for a time in your wrist (carpal tunnel) to your hand. It makes sense in the palm of your thumb and fingers, except your little finger. It also provides nerve signals to move the muscles around the base of your thumb (motor).

In general, all the crowds, irritates or compresses the median nerve in the carpal tunnel area can lead to carpal tunnel syndrome. For example, a broken wrist may reduce the carpal tunnel and nerve irritation, such as swelling and inflammation caused by rheumatoid arthritis.

In many cases, no single cause can be identified. It may be that a combination of risk factors contributing to the condition of development.

Causes Of Canker Sores (Cold Sores)

The exact cause of canker sores remains unclear, although researchers suspect that several factors contribute to the outbreak, although a single individual. These factors include:

Minor injuries to the mouth of dentures, overzealous brushing, sports injuries, spicy foods or acidic, or accidental cheek bite

Food sensitivities, especially for chocolate, coffee, strawberries, eggs, nuts, cheese and highly acidic foods like pineapple

Food Allergies

A diet deficient in vitamin B-12, zinc, folate (folic acid) and iron

An allergic reaction to certain bacteria in the mouth

Helicobacter pylori, the same bacteria that causes peptic ulcers

Celiac disease, a severe intestinal disease caused by sensitivity to gluten, a protein found in most grains

Inflammatory bowel diseases like Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis

Behçet's Disease, a rare disease that causes inflammation in the body including the mouth

A faulty immune system that attacks healthy cells in the mouth instead of pathogens such as viruses and bacteria

HIV / AIDS that suppress the immune system

Hormonal changes during menstruation

Emotional stress

Toothpastes and mouth rinses containing sodium lauryl

Unlike cold sores, canker sores are not associated with herpes viral infections.

Causes Of Cancer

Cancer is caused by changes (mutations) in DNA in cells. The DNA of a cell contains a set of instructions that tells the cell how to grow and divide. Errors in the instructions, may allow a cell to become cancerous.

What gene mutations not?

A mutation can charge a healthy cell to:

Enable rapid growth. A mutation can cause an oncogene, a gene that tells a cell to grow and divide rapidly. This creates many new cells, all with the same oncogene mutation that allows them to grow and divide as fast as normal.

They can not stop the uncontrolled growth of cells. Cells contain genes known as tumor pathogenesis, which recognize an out-of-control growth and to act to stop it. But if the mutation occurs in a tumor suppressor gene, the gene can be reduced or can be turned off completely. This allows the mutated cells to continue to grow and divide.

Mistakes in the DNA repair defects. DNA repair genes to identify and correct DNA mutations. Mutations in the DNA repair gene means that the gene may have no errors in the DNA. This allows more DNA mutations occur.

Mutations in oncogenes, tumor and pathogenesis of the DNA repair genes are the most common cancer found. But many other genetic mutations may contribute to cancer.

What causes mutations?

Sometimes you are born with a genetic mutation. Or a gene mutation can be caused by forces within your body, such as hormones, viruses and chronic inflammation. Genetic mutations can also be caused by forces outside their body, such as ultraviolet (UV), chemicals that cause cancer (carcinogens) or radiation.

How can genetic changes interact with each other?

Scientists believe that more than one genetic mutation, it is necessary to cause cancer. It is not clear how many mutations are collected in cancer formation. And 'likely that this varies in different types of cancer.

Mutations in the gene, you are born with and those you have your whole life to work together to cause cancer. For example, if you have inherited a genetic mutation that predisposes to cancer does not mean that you are sure to have cancer. Instead you can use one or more other mutations that cause cancer. Your inherited genetic mutation may make you more likely than others to develop cancer when exposed to a carcinogen. The genetic mutation begins the process of cancer, the carcinogen may play a role in cancer development.